]! ^! Uganda achieved independence from the UK in 1962. The dictatorial regime of Idi AMIN (1971-79) was responsible for the deaths of some 300,000 opponents; guerrilla war and human rights abuses under Milton OBOTE (1980-85) claimed at least another 100,000 lives. During the 1990s, the government promulgated non-party presidential and legislative elections. 
]" ^" Eastern Africa, west of Kenya ^# 1 00 N, 32 00 E ^$ Africa ^% `! 236,040 sq km `" 199,710 sq km `# 36,330 sq km ^& slightly smaller than Oregon ^' `! 2,698 km `U Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km ^( 0 km (landlocked) ^) none (landlocked) ^* tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast ^+ mostly plateau with rim of mountains ^, `% Lake Albert 621 m `& Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m ^- copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land ^. `' 25.88% `( 10.65% `) 63.47% (2001) ^/ 90 sq km (1998 est.) ^0 NA ^1 draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; poaching is widespread _J `K Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands `L Environmental Modification ^2 landlocked; fertile, well-watered country with many lakes and rivers 
]# ^3 27,269,482 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.) ^4 `* 50.1% (male 6,875,663/female 6,784,378) `+ 47.7% (male 6,511,867/female 6,494,859) `, 2.2% (male 263,790/female 338,925) (2005 est.) ^5 `! 14.97 years `- 14.87 years `. 15.08 years (2005 est.) ^6 3.31% (2005 est.) ^7 47.39 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^8 12.8 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^9 -1.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^: `/ 1.03 male(s)/female `0 1.01 male(s)/female `+ 1 male(s)/female `, 0.78 male(s)/female `1 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.) ^; `! 67.83 deaths/1,000 live births `- 71.18 deaths/1,000 live births `. 64.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) ^< `1 51.59 years `- 50.74 years `. 52.46 years (2005 est.) ^= 6.74 children born/woman (2005 est.) ^> 4.1% (2003 est.) ^? 530,000 (2001 est.) ^@ 78,000 (2003 est.) __ degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2004) ^A `2 Ugandan(s) `3 Ugandan ^B Baganda 17%, Ankole 8%, Basoga 8%, Iteso 8%, Bakiga 7%, Langi 6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Batoro 3%, Bunyoro 3%, Alur 2%, Bagwere 2%, Bakonjo 2%, Jopodhola 2%, Karamojong 2%, Rundi 2%, non-African (European, Asian, Arab) 1%, other 8% ^C Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 18% ^D English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic ^E `M age 15 and over can read and write `1 69.9% `- 79.5% `. 60.4% (2003 est.) 
]$ ^F `4 Republic of Uganda `5 Uganda ^H republic ^I Kampala ^J 56 districts; Adjumani, Apac, Arua, Bugiri, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Busia, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kaberamaido, Kalangala, Kampala, Kamuli, Kamwenge, Kanungu, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Katakwi, Kayunga, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum, Kotido, Kumi, Kyenjojo, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mayuge, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nakapiripirit, Nakasongola, Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pader, Pallisa, Rakai, Rukungiri, Sembabule, Sironko, Soroti, Tororo, Wakiso, Yumbe ^K 9 October 1962 (from UK) ^L Independence Day, 9 October (1962) ^M 8 October 1995 ^N in 1995, the government restored the legal system to one based on English common law and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations ^O 18 years of age; universal ^P `6 President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 26 January 1986); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government `7 President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29 January 1986); Prime Minister Apollo NSIBAMBI (since 5 April 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; the prime minister assists the president in the supervision of the cabinet `8 Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected legislators `9 president reelected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 12 March 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); note - first popular election for president since independence in 1962 was held in 1996; prime minister appointed by the president `: Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 69.3%, Kizza BESIGYE 27.8% ^Q unicameral National Assembly (303 members - 214 directly elected by popular vote, 81 nominated by legally established special interest groups [women 56, army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 5], 8 ex officio members; members serve five-year terms) `9 last held 26 June 2001 (next to be held by June 2006); `: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - election campaigning by party was not permitted ^R Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by the president) ^S only one political organization, the Movement (formerly the NRM) [President MUSEVENI, chairman] is allowed to operate unfettered; note - the president maintains that the Movement is not a political party, but a mass organization, which claims the loyalty of all Ugandans note: the constitution requires the suspension of political parties while the Movement organization is in governance; of the political parties that exist but are prohibited from sponsoring candidates, the most important are the Ugandan People's Congress or UPC [Milton OBOTE]; Democratic Party or DP [Paul SSEMOGERERE]; Conservative Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI]; Justice Forum [Muhammad Kibirige MAYANJA]; and National Democrats Forum [Chapaa KARUHANGA] ^T Popular Resistance Against a Life President or PRALP ^U ACP, AfDB, AU, C, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO ^V `N Ambassador Edith Grace SSEMPALA `O 5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 `P [1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416 `Q [1] (202) 726-1727 ^W `N Ambassador Jimmy KOLKER `Z 1577 Ggaba Rd., Kampala `[ P. O. Box 7007, Kampala `P [256] (41) 234-142 `Q [256] (41) 258-451 ^X six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist side 
]% ^Y Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986, the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. During 1990-2001, the economy turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, reduced inflation, gradually improved domestic security, and the return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. Corruption within the government and slippage in the government's determination to press reforms raise doubts about the continuation of strong growth. In 2000, Uganda qualified for enhanced Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief worth $1.3 billion and Paris Club debt relief worth $145 million. These amounts combined with the original HIPC debt relief added up to about $2 billion. Growth for 2001-02 was solid despite continued decline in the price of coffee, Uganda's principal export. Solid growth in 2003-04 reflected an upturn in Uganda's export markets. ^Z $39.39 billion (2004 est.) ^[ 5% (2004 est.) ^\ purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2004 est.) ^] `; 35.8% `< 20.8% `= 43.6% (2004 est.) ^^ 12.41 million (2004 est.) ^_ agriculture 82%, industry 5%, services 13% (1999 est.) ^` NA (2002 est.) ^a 35% (2001 est.) _! `> 4% `? 21% (2000) _d 37.4 (1996) _" 3.5% (2004 est.) _P 22.4% of GDP (2004 est.) _# `@ $1.491 billion `A $1.727 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.) _Q 73.9% of GDP (2004 est.) _$ coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry, cut flowers _% sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement, steel production _& 5.6% (2004 est.) _' 1.775 billion kWh (2002) _( 1.401 billion kWh (2002) _) 250 million kWh (2002) _* 0 kWh (2002) _+ 0 bbl/day (2001 est.) _, 8,750 bbl/day (2001 est.) _- NA _. NA _X $-590.8 million (2004 est.) _/ $621.7 million f.o.b. (2004 est.) _0 coffee, fish and fish products, tea; gold, cotton, flowers, horticultural products _1 Kenya 15%, Netherlands 10.7%, Belgium 9%, France 4.4%, Germany 4.4% (2004) _2 $1.306 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) _3 capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals _4 Kenya 32.3%, UAE 7.3%, South Africa 6.5%, India 5.8%, China 5.6%, UK 5.1%, US 4.8%, Japan 4.8% (2004) _Y $1.2 billion (2004 est.) _5 $3.865 billion (2004 est.) _6 $1.4 billion (2000) _7 Ugandan shilling (UGX) _8 Ugandan shillings per US dollar - 1,810.3 (2004), 1,963.7 (2003), 1,797.6 (2002), 1,755.7 (2001), 1,644.5 (2000) _9 1 July - 30 June 
]& _: 61,000 (2003) _; 776,200 (2003) _< `B seriously inadequate; two cellular systems have been introduced, but a sharp increase in the number of main lines is essential; e-mail and Internet services are available `C intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay, and radiotelephone communication stations, fixed and mobile cellular systems for short-range traffic `D country code - 256; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat; analog links to Kenya and Tanzania _= AM 7, FM 33, shortwave 2 (2001) _> 8 (plus one low-power repeater) (2001) _? .ug _@ 2,692 (2004) _A 125,000 (2003) 
]' _e `! 1,241 km `c 1,241 km 1.000-m gauge (2004) _B `! 27,000 km `E 1,809 km `F 25,191 km (1999 est.) _b 300 km (on Lake Victoria, 200 km on Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, and parts of Albert Nile) (2004 est.) _C Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell _D 29 (2004 est.) _E `! 4 `] 3 `^ 1 (2004 est.) _L `! 25 `G 1 `^ 6 `_ 11 `T 7 (2004 est.) 
]( _F Ugandan Peoples' Defense Force (UPDF): Army, Marine Unit, Air Wing _M 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military duty; the government has stated that recruitment below that age could occur with proper consent and that "no person under the apparent age of 13 years shall be enrolled in the armed forces" _] males age 18-49: 5,012,620 (2005 est.) Manpower fit for military service: males age 18-49: 2,889,808 (2005 est.) _N $170.3 million (2004) _O 2.2% (2004) 
]) _H Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forces; Ugandan refugees have fled the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) into the southern Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo; LRA forces have also attacked Kenyan villages across the border _c `d 184,731 (Sudan) 18,000 (Rwanda) IDPs: 1.4 million note - ongoing Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) rebellion, mainly in the north; LRA frequently attacks IDP camps (2004) 