]! ^! Following its heyday as a world power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence in 1822 of Brazil as a colony. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986. 
]" ^" Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain ^# 39 30 N, 8 00 W ^$ Europe ^% `! 92,391 sq km `" 91,951 sq km `# 440 sq km note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands ^& slightly smaller than Indiana ^' `! 1,214 km `U Spain 1,214 km ^( 1,793 km ^) `$ 12 nm `H 24 nm `I 200 nm `J 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation ^* maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south ^+ mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south ^, `% Atlantic Ocean 0 m `& Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m ^- fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower ^. `' 21.75% `( 7.81% `) 70.44% (2001) ^/ 6,320 sq km (1998 est.) ^0 Azores subject to severe earthquakes ^1 soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas _J `K Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands `L Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification ^2 Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar 
]# ^3 10,566,212 (July 2005 est.) ^4 `* 16.6% (male 916,234/female 839,935) `+ 66.3% (male 3,468,844/female 3,538,779) `, 17.1% (male 744,787/female 1,057,633) (2005 est.) ^5 `! 38.2 years `- 36.06 years `. 40.33 years (2005 est.) ^6 0.39% (2005 est.) ^7 10.82 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^8 10.43 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^9 3.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^: `/ 1.07 male(s)/female `0 1.09 male(s)/female `+ 0.98 male(s)/female `, 0.7 male(s)/female `1 0.94 male(s)/female (2005 est.) ^; `! 5.05 deaths/1,000 live births `- 5.53 deaths/1,000 live births `. 4.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) ^< `1 77.53 years `- 74.25 years `. 81.03 years (2005 est.) ^= 1.47 children born/woman (2005 est.) ^> 0.4% (2001 est.) ^? 22,000 (2001 est.) ^@ less than 1,000 (2003 est.) ^A `2 Portuguese (singular and plural) `3 Portuguese ^B homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal ^C Roman Catholic 94%, Protestant (1995) ^D Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally used) ^E `M age 15 and over can read and write `1 93.3% `- 95.5% `. 91.3% (2003 est.) 
]$ ^F `4 Portuguese Republic `5 Portugal `V Republica Portuguesa `W Portugal ^H parliamentary democracy ^I Lisbon ^J 18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu ^K 1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910 (independent republic proclaimed) ^L Portugal Day, 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis de Camoes (1524-80) died ^M 25 April 1976; revised many times ^N civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations ^O 18 years of age; universal ^P `6 President Jorge SAMPAIO (since 9 March 1996) `7 Prime Minister Jose SOCRATES (since 12 March 2005) `8 Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president `9 president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held January 2006); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president `: Jorge SAMPAIO reelected president; percent of vote - Jorge SAMPAIO (Socialist) 55.8%, Joaquim FERREIRA Do Amaral (Social Democrat) 34.5%, Antonio ABREU (Communist) 5.1% ^Q unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) `9 last held 20 February 2005 (next to be held February 2009); note - President SAMPAIO called for early elections after dissolving parliament on 10 December 2004 because he lacked confidence in the four-month center-right government `: percent of vote by party - PS 45.1%, PSD 28.7%, CDU 7.6%, PP 7.3%, BE 6.4%; seats by party - PS 121, PSD 75, CDU 14, PP 12, BE 8 ^R Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura) ^S Green Ecologist Party or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA]; Popular Party or PP [Jose Ribeiro e CASTRO]; Portuguese Communist Party or PCP [Jeronimo de SOUSA]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Jose SOCRATES Carvalho Pinto de Sousa]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Luis Marques MENDES]; The Left Bloc or BE [Franciso Anacleto LOUCA]; Unitarian Democratic Coalition or UDC [Jeronimo de SOUSA] ^T NA ^U AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUB, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMISET, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC ^V `N Ambassador Pedro Manuel Dos Reis Alves CATARINO `O 2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008 `P [1] (202) 328-8610 `Q [1] (202) 462-3726 `R Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San Francisco `g New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence (Rhode Island) ^W `N Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Adrienne S. O'NEAL `Z Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon `[ Apartado 4258, 1507 Lisboa Codex; PSC 83, APO AE 09726 `P [351] (21) 727-3300 `Q [351] (21) 726-9109 `g Ponta Delgada (Azores) ^X two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line 
]% ^Y Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community in 1986. Over the past decade, successive governments have privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country qualified for the European Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU member economies. Economic growth had been above the EU average for much of the past decade, but fell back in 2001-04. GDP per capita stands at two-thirds that of the Big Four EU economies. A poor educational system, in particular, has been an obstacle to greater productivity and growth. Portugal has been increasingly overshadowed by lower-cost producers in Central Europe and Asia as a target for foreign direct investment. The government faces tough choices in its attempts to boost Portugal's economic competitiveness while keeping the budget deficit within the eurozone's 3%-of-GDP ceiling. ^Z $188.7 billion (2004 est.) ^[ 1.1% (2004 est.) ^\ purchasing power parity - $17,900 (2004 est.) ^] `; 5.9% `< 30.2% `= 63.9% (2004 est.) ^^ 5.48 million (2004 est.) ^_ agriculture 10%, industry 30%, services 60% (1999 est.) ^` 6.5% (2004 est.) ^a NA _! `> 3.1% `? 28.4% (1995 est.) _d 35.6 (1994-95) _" 2.1% (2004 est.) _P 22.3% of GDP (2004 est.) _# `@ $74.38 billion `A $79.86 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.) _Q 61.5% of GDP (2004 est.) _$ grain, potatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, beef, dairy products _% textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metals and metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; rubber and plastic products; ceramics; electronics and communications equipment; rail transportation equipment; aerospace equipment; ship construction and refurbishment; wine; tourism _& 1.1% (2004 est.) _' 43.28 billion kWh (2002) _( 42.15 billion kWh (2002) _) 3.4 billion kWh (2002) _* 5.3 billion kWh (2002) _+ 0 bbl/day (2001 est.) _, 339,800 bbl/day (2001 est.) _- 28,830 bbl/day (2001) _. 357,300 bbl/day (2001) _S 0 cu m (2001 est.) _T 2.542 billion cu m (2001 est.) _U 0 cu m (2001 est.) _V 2.553 billion cu m (2001 est.) _X $-8.12 billion (2004 est.) _/ $37.68 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) _0 clothing and footwear, machinery, chemicals, cork and paper products, hides _1 Spain 25%, France 14%, Germany 13.5%, UK 9.6%, US 6%, Italy 4.3%, Netherlands 4% (2004) _2 $52.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) _3 machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum, textiles, agricultural products _4 Spain 29.3%, Germany 14.3%, France 9.3%, Italy 6.1%, UK 4.6%, Netherlands 4.6% (2004) _Y $12.3 billion (2004 est.) _5 $274.7 billion (2004 est.) _Z ODA, $271 million (1995) _7 euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries _8 euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000) _9 calendar year 
]& _: 4,278,800 (2003) _; 9,341,400 (2003) _< `B Portugal's telephone system has achieved a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities and a main line telephone density of 53% `C integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations `D country code - 351; 6 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores; note - an earth station for Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region) is planned _= AM 47, FM 172 (many are repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998) _> 62 (plus 166 repeaters) note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands (1995) _? .pt _@ 346,078 (2004) _A 3.6 million (2002) 
]' _e `! 2,850 km `e 2,576 km 1.668-m gauge (623 km electrified) `c 274 km 1.000-m gauge (2004) _B `! 17,135 km `E 14,736 km (including 1,659 km of expressways) `F 2,399 km (2002) _b 210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2003) _[ gas 1,099 km; oil 8 km; refined products 174 km (2004) _C Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines _K `! 114 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 872,557 GRT/1,236,025 DWT by type: bulk carrier 10, cargo 38, chemical tanker 14, container 7, liquefied gas 9, passenger 8, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 9, roll on/roll off 4, vehicle carrier 8 `S 97 (Australia 1, Belgium 6, Denmark 5, Germany 18, Greece 4, Iceland 1, Italy 11, Japan 8, Lebanon 1, Malta 1, Norway 4, Spain 19, Switzerland 4) `\ 28 (2005) _D 65 (2004 est.) _E `! 42 `] 5 `G 9 `^ 3 `_ 15 `T 10 (2004 est.) _L `! 23 `_ 1 `T 22 (2004 est.) 
]( _F Army, Navy (Marinha Portuguesa; includes Marine Corps), Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, FAP), National Republican Guard (Guarda Nacional Republicana) (2005) _M 18 years of age for voluntary military service; compulsory military service was ended in 2004 (January 2005) _] males age 18-49: 2,435,042 (2005 est.) Manpower fit for military service: males age 18-49: 1,952,819 (2005 est.) _^ `` 67,189 (2005 est.) _N $3,497.8 million (2003) _O 2.3% (2003) 
]) _H none _I gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market (especially from Brazil); transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin 