]! ^! The Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand in about A.D. 800. In 1840, their chieftains entered into a compact with Britain, the Treaty of Waitangi, in which they ceded sovereignty to Queen Victoria while retaining territorial rights. In that same year, the British began the first organized colonial settlement. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the native peoples. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both World Wars. New Zealand's full participation in a number of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years, the government has sought to address longstanding Maori grievances. 
]" ^" Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia ^# 41 00 S, 174 00 E ^$ Oceania ^% `! 268,680 sq km `" 268,021 sq km `# NA note: includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands ^& about the size of Colorado ^' 0 km ^( 15,134 km ^) `$ 12 nm `I 200 nm `J 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin ^* temperate with sharp regional contrasts ^+ predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains ^, `% Pacific Ocean 0 m `& Aoraki-Mount Cook 3,754 m ^- natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone ^. `' 5.6% `( 6.99% `) 87.41% (2001) ^/ 2,850 sq km (1998 est.) ^0 earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity ^1 deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside _J `K Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling `L Antarctic Seals, Marine Life Conservation ^2 about 80% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world 
]# ^3 4,035,461 (July 2005 est.) ^4 `* 21.4% (male 441,836/female 421,065) `+ 66.9% (male 1,356,095/female 1,343,728) `, 11.7% (male 206,650/female 266,087) (2005 est.) ^5 `! 33.65 years `- 32.92 years `. 34.4 years (2005 est.) ^6 1.02% (2005 est.) ^7 13.9 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^8 7.53 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^9 3.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^: `/ 1.04 male(s)/female `0 1.05 male(s)/female `+ 1.01 male(s)/female `, 0.78 male(s)/female `1 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.) ^; `! 5.85 deaths/1,000 live births `- 6.7 deaths/1,000 live births `. 4.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) ^< `1 78.66 years `- 75.67 years `. 81.78 years (2005 est.) ^= 1.79 children born/woman (2005 est.) ^> 0.1% (2003 est.) ^? 1,400 (2003 est.) ^@ less than 200 (2003 est.) ^A `2 New Zealander(s) `3 New Zealand ^B European 69.8%, Maori 7.9%, Asian 5.7%, Pacific islander 4.4%, other 0.5%, mixed 7.8%, unspecified 3.8% (2001 census) ^C Anglican 14.9%, Roman Catholic 12.4%, Presbyterian 10.9%, Methodist 2.9%, Pentecostal 1.7%, Baptist 1.3%, other Christian 9.4%, other 3.3%, unspecified 17.2%, none 26% (2001 census) ^D English (official), Maori (official) ^E `M age 15 and over can read and write `1 99% (1980 est.) `- NA% `. NA% 
]$ ^F `4 none `5 New Zealand `Y NZ ^H parliamentary democracy ^I Wellington ^J 16 regions and 1 territory*; Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Chatham Islands*, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Manawatu-Wanganui, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Tasman, Waikato, Wellington, West Coast _f Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau ^K 26 September 1907 (from UK) ^L Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) ^M consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments, as well as The Constitution Act 1986, which is the principal formal charter; adopted 1 January 1987, effective 1 January 1987 ^N based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for the Maori; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations ^O 18 years of age; universal ^P `6 Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Silvia CARTWRIGHT (since 4 April 2001) `7 Prime Minister Helen CLARK (since 10 December 1999) and Deputy Prime Minister Michael CULLEN (since NA July 2002) `8 Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister `9 none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general ^Q unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (120 seats; 69 members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies including 7 Maori constituencies, and 51 proportional seats chosen from party lists, all to serve three-year terms) `9 last held 17 September 2005 (next to be held not later than 15 November 2008) `: percent of vote by party - NZLP 41.1%, NP 39.1%, NZFP 5.72%, Green Party 5.3%, Maori 2.12%, UF 2.67%, ACT New Zealand 1.51%, Progressive 1.16%; seats by party - NZLP 50, NP 48, NZFP 7, Green Party 6, Maori 4, UF 3, ACT New Zealand 2, Progressive 1 note: results of 2005 election saw the total number of seats increase to 121 because the Maori Party won one more electorate seat than its entitlement under the party vote ^R Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; High Court; note - Judges appointed by the Governor-General ^S ACT New Zealand [Rodney HIDE]; Green Party [Jeanette FITZSIMONS and Rod DONALD]; Maori Party [Whatarangi WINIATA]; National Party or NP [Don BRASH]; New Zealand First Party or NZFP [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party or NZLP [Helen CLARK]; Progressive Party [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; United Future or UF [Peter DUNNE] ^T NA ^U ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986), APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CP, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), NSG, OECD, OPCW, PCA, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMISET, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ^V `N Ambassador L. John WOOD `O 37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008 `P [1] (202) 328-4800 `Q [1] (202) 667-5227 `R Los Angeles, New York ^W `N Ambassador Charles J. SWINDELLS `Z 29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington `[ P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, APO AP 96531-1034 `P [64] (4) 462-6000 `Q [64] (4) 499-0490 `R Auckland ^X blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation 
]% ^Y Over the past 20 years the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes (but left behind many at the bottom of the ladder), broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, and contained inflationary pressures. Per capita income has risen for six consecutive years and is now more than $23,000 in purchasing power parity terms. New Zealand is heavily dependent on trade - particularly in agricultural products - to drive growth. Exports are equal to about 20% of GDP. Thus far the economy has been resilient, and the Labor Government promises that expenditures on health, education, and pensions will increase proportionately to output. ^Z $92.51 billion (2004 est.) ^[ 4.8% (2004 est.) ^\ purchasing power parity - $23,200 (2004 est.) ^] `; 4.6% `< 27.4% `= 68% (2004 est.) ^^ 2.05 million (2004 est.) ^_ agriculture 10%, industry 25%, services 65% (1995) ^` 4.2% (2004 est.) ^a NA _! `> 0.3% `? 29.8% (1991 est.) _" 2.4% (2004 est.) _P 22.4% of GDP (2004 est.) _# `@ $38.29 billion `A $36.12 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.) _Q 22.1% of GDP (2004 est.) _$ wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef, lamb and mutton, dairy products; fish _% food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining _& 5.9% (2004 est.) _' 38.39 billion kWh (2002) _( 35.71 billion kWh (2002) _) 0 kWh (2002) _* 0 kWh (2002) _+ 42,160 bbl/day (2001 est.) _, 132,700 bbl/day (2001 est.) _- 30,220 bbl/day (2001) _. 119,700 bbl/day (2001) _R 89.62 million bbl (1 January 2002) _S 6.504 billion cu m (2001 est.) _T 6.504 billion cu m (2001 est.) _U 0 cu m (2001 est.) _V 0 cu m (2001 est.) _W 58.94 billion cu m (1 January 2002) _X $-3.647 billion (2004 est.) _/ $19.85 billion (2004 est.) _0 dairy products, meat, wood and wood products, fish, machinery _1 Australia 21%, US 14.4%, Japan 11.3%, China 5.7%, UK 4.7% (2004) _2 $19.77 billion (2004 est.) _3 machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics _4 Australia 22.4%, US 11.3%, Japan 11.2%, China 9.7%, Germany 5.2% (2004) _Y $4.805 billion (2004 est.) _5 $47.34 billion (2004 est.) _Z ODA, $99.7 million _7 New Zealand dollar (NZD) _8 New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003), 2.1622 (2002), 2.3788 (2001), 2.2012 (2000) _9 1 July - 30 June 
]& _: 1.765 million (2002) _; 2.599 million (2003) _< `B excellent domestic and international systems `C NA `D country code - 64; submarine cables to Australia and Fiji; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) _= AM 124, FM 290, shortwave 4 (1998) _> 41 (plus 52 medium-power repeaters and over 650 low-power repeaters) (1997) _? .nz _@ 474,395 (2003) _A 2.11 million (2003) 
]' _e `! 3,898 km `c 3,898 km 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified) (2004) _B `! 92,382 km `E 59,124 km (including at least 169 km of expressways) `F 33,258 km (2002) _[ gas 2,213 km; liquid petroleum gas 79 km; oil 160 km; refined products 304 km (2004) _C Auckland, Lyttelton, Tauranga, Wellington, Whangarei _K `! 13 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 77,523 GRT/108,352 DWT by type: cargo 3, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1, bulk carrier 3 `S 2 (Germany 1, Isle of Man 1) `\ 5 (2005) _D 116 (2004 est.) _E `! 46 `] 2 `G 1 `^ 11 `_ 27 `T 5 (2004 est.) _L `! 70 `^ 2 `_ 29 `T 39 (2004 est.) 
]( _F New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force _M 17 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed until the age of 18 (2001) _] males age 17-49: 984,700 (2005 est.) Manpower fit for military service: males age 17-49: 809,519 (2005 est.) _^ `` 29,738 (2005 est.) _N $1.147 billion (FY03/04) _O 1% (FY02) 
]) _H asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency) [see Antarctica] 