]! ^! Fiji became independent in 1970, after nearly a century as a British colony. Democratic rule was interrupted by two military coups in 1987, caused by concern over a government perceived as dominated by the Indian community (descendants of contract laborers brought to the islands by the British in the 19th century). A 1990 constitution favored native Melanesian control of Fiji, but led to heavy Indian emigration; the population loss resulted in economic difficulties, but ensured that Melanesians became the majority. Amendments enacted in 1997 made the constitution more equitable. Free and peaceful elections in 1999 resulted in a government led by an Indo-Fijian, but a coup in May 2000 ushered in a prolonged period of political turmoil. Parliamentary elections held in August 2001 provided Fiji with a democratically elected government and gave a mandate to the government of Prime Minister Laisenia QARASE. 
]" ^" Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand ^# 18 00 S, 175 00 E ^$ Oceania ^% `! 18,270 sq km `" 18,270 sq km `# 0 sq km ^& slightly smaller than New Jersey ^' 0 km ^( 1,129 km ^) measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines `$ 12 nm `I 200 nm `J 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation; rectilinear shelf claim added ^* tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation ^+ mostly mountains of volcanic origin ^, `% Pacific Ocean 0 m `& Tomanivi 1,324 m ^- timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower ^. `' 10.95% `( 4.65% `) 84.4% (2001) ^/ 30 sq km (1998 est.) ^0 cyclonic storms can occur from November to January ^1 deforestation; soil erosion _J `K Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 `L none of the selected agreements ^2 includes 332 islands of which approximately 110 are inhabited 
]# ^3 893,354 (July 2005 est.) ^4 `* 31.4% (male 143,066/female 137,346) `+ 64.5% (male 288,434/female 287,720) `, 4.1% (male 16,797/female 19,991) (2005 est.) ^5 `! 24.28 years `- 23.84 years `. 24.74 years (2005 est.) ^6 1.4% (2005 est.) ^7 22.73 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^8 5.65 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^9 -3.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^: `/ 1.05 male(s)/female `0 1.04 male(s)/female `+ 1 male(s)/female `, 0.84 male(s)/female `1 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.) ^; `! 12.62 deaths/1,000 live births `- 13.97 deaths/1,000 live births `. 11.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) ^< `1 69.53 years `- 67.05 years `. 72.14 years (2005 est.) ^= 2.75 children born/woman (2005 est.) ^> 0.1% (2003 est.) ^? 600 (2003 est.) ^@ less than 200 (2003 est.) ^A `2 Fijian(s) `3 Fijian ^B Fijian 51% (predominantly Melanesian with a Polynesian admixture), Indian 44%, European, other Pacific Islanders, overseas Chinese, and other 5% (1998 est.) ^C Christian 52% (Methodist 37%, Roman Catholic 9%), Hindu 38%, Muslim 8%, other 2% note: Fijians are mainly Christian, Indians are Hindu, and there is a Muslim minority (1986) ^D English (official), Fijian, Hindustani ^E `M age 15 and over can read and write `1 93.7% `- 95.5% `. 91.9% (2003 est.) 
]$ ^F `4 Republic of the Fiji Islands `5 Fiji ^H republic note: military coup leader Maj. Gen. Sitiveni RABUKA formally declared Fiji a republic on 6 October 1987 ^I Suva (Viti Levu) ^J 4 divisions and 1 dependency*; Central, Eastern, Northern, Rotuma*, Western ^K 10 October 1970 (from UK) ^L Independence Day, second Monday of October (1970) ^M promulgated on 25 July 1990; amended on 25 July 1997 to allow nonethnic Fijians greater say in government and to make multiparty government mandatory; effective 28 July 1998 ^N based on British system ^O 21 years of age; universal ^P `6 President Ratu Josefa ILOILOVATU Uluivuda (since 18 July 2000) `7 Prime Minister Laisenia QARASE (since 10 September 2000) `8 Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among the members of Parliament and is responsible to Parliament; note - there is also a Presidential Council that advises the president on matters of national importance and a Great Council of Chiefs, which consists of the highest ranking members of the traditional chief system `9 president elected by the Great Council of Chiefs for a five-year term; prime minister appointed by the president `: Ratu Josefa ILOILOVATU Uluivuda elected president by the Great Council of Chiefs; percent of vote - NA% ^Q bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (34 seats; 24 appointed by the President on the advice of the Great Council of Chiefs, nine appointed by the president, and one appointed by the council of Rotuma) and the House of Representatives (71 seats; 23 reserved for ethnic Fijians, 19 reserved for ethnic Indians, three reserved for other ethnic groups, one reserved for the council of Rotuma constituency encompassing the whole of Fiji, and 25 open seats; members serve five-year terms) `9 House of Representatives - last held 25 August through 1 September and 19 September 2001 (next to be held not later than September 2006) `: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - FLP 26.5%, SDL 27.5%, NFP 1.2%, MV 4.2%, NLUP 1.3%, UGP .3%, independents 1.4%; seats by party - FLP 27, SDL 32, MV 6, NFP 1, NLUP 2, UGP 1, independents 2 ^R Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Court of Appeal; High Court; Magistrates' Courts ^S Bai Kei Viti Party or BKV [Ratu Tevita MOMOEDONU]; Conservative Alliance Party/Matanitu Vanua or MV [Ratu Rakuita VAKALALABURE]; Dodonu Ni Taukei Party or DNT [Fereti S. DEWA]; Fiji Democratic Party or FDP [Felipe BOLE] (a merger of the Christian Democrat Alliance or VLV [Poesci Waqalevu BUNE], Fijian Association Party or FAP [Adi Kuini SPEED], Fijian Political Party or SVT (primarily Fijian) [Felipe BOLE], and New Labor Unity Party or NLUP [Tupeni BABA]); Fiji Labor Party or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDRHRY]; General Voters Party or GVP [leader NA] (became part of United General Party); Girmit Heritage Party or GHP [leader NA]; Justice and Freedom Party or AIM [leader NA]; Lio 'On Famor Rotuma Party or LFR [leader NA]; National Federation Party or NFP (primarily Indian) [Pramond RAE]; Nationalist Vanua Takolavo Party or NVTLP [Saula TELAWA]; Party of National Unity or PANU [Meli BOGILEKA]; Party of the Truth or POTT [leader NA]; United Fiji Party/Sogosogo Duavata ni Lewenivanua or SDL [Laisenia QARASE]; United General Party or UGP [Millis Mick BEDDOES] ^T NA ^U ACP, AsDB, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, OPCW, PCA, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMISET, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO ^V `N Mr. Paula NAVUNISARAVI (Charge D'Affaires ad Interim) `O 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 240, Washington, DC 20007 `P [1] (202) 337-8320 `Q [1] (202) 337-1996 ^W `N Ambassador David L. LYON `Z 31 Loftus Street, Suva `[ P. O. Box 218, Suva `P [679] 331-4466 `Q [679] 330-0081 ^X light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield depicts a yellow lion above a white field quartered by the cross of Saint George featuring stalks of sugarcane, a palm tree, bananas, and a white dove 
]% ^Y Fiji, endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, is one of the most developed of the Pacific island economies, though still with a large subsistence sector. Sugar exports and a growing tourist industry - with 300,000 to 400,000 tourists annually - are the major sources of foreign exchange. Sugar processing makes up one-third of industrial activity, but is inefficient. Long-term problems include low investment, uncertain land ownership rights, and the government's ability to manage its budget. Yet short-run economic prospects are good, provided tensions do not again erupt between indigenous Fijians and Indo-Fijians. Overseas remittances from Fijians working in Kuwait and Iraq have increased significantly. ^Z $5.173 billion (2004 est.) ^[ 3.6% (2004 est.) ^\ purchasing power parity - $5,900 (2004 est.) ^] `; 16.6% `< 22.4% `= 61% (2001 est.) ^^ 137,000 (1999) ^_ agriculture, including subsistence agriculture 70% (2001 est.) ^` 7.6% (1999) ^a 25.5% (1990-91) _! `> NA `? NA _" 1.6% (2002 est.) _# `@ $427.9 million `A $531.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.) _$ sugarcane, coconuts, cassava (tapioca), rice, sweet potatoes, bananas; cattle, pigs, horses, goats; fish _% tourism, sugar, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber, small cottage industries _& NA _' 750 million kWh (2002) _( 697.5 million kWh (2002) _) 0 kWh (2002) _* 0 kWh (2002) _+ 0 bbl/day (2001 est.) _, 5,700 bbl/day (2001 est.) _- NA _. NA _/ $609 million f.o.b. (2002) _0 sugar, garments, gold, timber, fish, molasses, coconut oil _1 US 24%, Australia 19%, UK 12.6%, Samoa 6.5%, Japan 4.1% (2004) _2 $835 million c.i.f. (2002) _3 manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, food, chemicals _4 Australia 25.9%, Singapore 23.1%, New Zealand 21.1% (2004) _5 $188.1 million (2001 est.) _6 $40.3 million (1995) _7 Fijian dollar (FJD) _8 Fijian dollars per US dollar - 1.7331 (2004), 1.8958 (2003), 2.1869 (2002), 2.2766 (2001), 2.1286 (2000) _9 calendar year 
]& _: 102,000 (2003) _; 109,900 (2003) _< `B modern local, interisland, and international (wire/radio integrated) public and special-purpose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter facilities; regional radio communications center `C NA `D country code - 679; access to important cable links between US and Canada as well as between NZ and Australia; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) _= AM 13, FM 40, shortwave 0 (1998) _> NA _? .fj _@ 493 (2003) _A 55,000 (2003) 
]' _e `! 597 km `c 597 km 0.600-m gauge note: belongs to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation; used to haul sugarcane during harvest season (May to December) (2003) _B `! 3,440 km `E 1,692 km `F 1,748 km (1999 est.) _b 203 km note: 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges (2004) _C Lambasa, Lautoka, Suva _K `! 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 6,372 GRT/7,453 DWT by type: passenger 3, passenger/cargo 2, roll on/roll off 2 `S 1 (Australia 1) (2005) _D 28 (2004 est.) _E `! 3 `] 1 `^ 1 `_ 1 (2004 est.) _L `! 25 `_ 6 `T 19 (2004 est.) 
]( _F Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF): Land Forces, Naval Division (2005) _M 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001) _] males age 18-49: 215,104 (2005 est.) Manpower fit for military service: males age 18-49: 163,960 (2005 est.) _^ `` 9,266 (2005 est.) _N $36 million (2004) _O 2.2% (FY02) 
]) _H none 