]! ^! Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies in 1945, Austria's status remained unclear for a decade. A State Treaty signed in 1955 ended the occupation, recognized Austria's independence, and forbade unification with Germany. A constitutional law that same year declared the country's "perpetual neutrality" as a condition for Soviet military withdrawal. Following the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991 and Austria's entry into the European Union in 1995, some Austrians have called into question this neutrality. A prosperous, democratic country, Austria entered the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999. 
]" ^" Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia ^# 47 20 N, 13 20 E ^$ Europe ^% `! 83,870 sq km `" 82,444 sq km `# 1,426 sq km ^& slightly smaller than Maine ^' `! 2,562 km `U Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330 km, Switzerland 164 km ^( 0 km (landlocked) ^) none (landlocked) ^* temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers ^+ in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping ^, `% Neusiedler See 115 m `& Grossglockner 3,798 m ^- oil, coal, lignite, timber, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, magnesite, tungsten, graphite, salt, hydropower ^. `' 16.91% `( 0.86% `) 82.23% (2001) ^/ 457 sq km (2000 est.) ^0 landslides; avalanches; earthquakes ^1 some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe _J `K Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling `L none of the selected agreements ^2 landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere 
]# ^3 8,184,691 (July 2005 est.) ^4 `* 15.6% (male 656,058/female 624,574) `+ 67.8% (male 2,790,673/female 2,756,612) `, 16.6% (male 543,626/female 813,148) (2005 est.) ^5 `! 40.44 years `- 39.3 years `. 41.61 years (2005 est.) ^6 0.11% (2005 est.) ^7 8.81 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^8 9.7 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^9 1.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^: `/ 1.05 male(s)/female `0 1.05 male(s)/female `+ 1.01 male(s)/female `, 0.67 male(s)/female `1 0.95 male(s)/female (2005 est.) ^; `! 4.66 deaths/1,000 live births `- 5.74 deaths/1,000 live births `. 3.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) ^< `1 78.92 years `- 76.03 years `. 81.96 years (2005 est.) ^= 1.36 children born/woman (2005 est.) ^> 0.3% (2003 est.) ^? 10,000 (2003 est.) ^@ less than 100 (2003 est.) ^A `2 Austrian(s) `3 Austrian ^B Austrians 91.1%, former Yugoslavs 4% (includes Croatians, Slovenes, Serbs, and Bosniaks), Turks 1.6%, German 0.9%, other or unspecified 2.4% (2001 census) ^C Roman Catholic 73.6%, Protestant 4.7%, Muslim 4.2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 2%, none 12% (2001 census) ^D German (official nationwide), Slovene (official in Carinthia), Croatian (official in Burgenland), Hungarian (official in Burgenland) ^E `M age 15 and over can read and write `1 98% `- NA% `. NA% 
]$ ^F `4 Republic of Austria `5 Austria `V Republik Oesterreich `W Oesterreich ^H federal republic ^I Vienna ^J 9 states (Bundeslaender, singular - Bundesland); Burgenland, Kaernten, Niederoesterreich, Oberoesterreich, Salzburg, Steiermark, Tirol, Vorarlberg, Wien (Vienna) ^K 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 12 November 1918 (republic proclaimed) ^L National Day, 26 October (1955); note - commemorates the State Treaty restoring national sovereignty and the end of occupation and the passage of the law on permanent neutrality ^M 1920; revised 1929 (reinstated 1 May 1945) ^N civil law system with Roman law origin; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction ^O 18 years of age; universal; compulsory for presidential elections ^P `6 President Heinz FISCHER (since 8 July 2004) `7 Chancellor Wolfgang SCHUESSEL (OeVP)(since 4 February 2000); Vice Chancellor Hubert GORBACH (since 21 October 2003) `8 Council of Ministers chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor `9 president elected by direct popular vote for a six-year term; presidential election last held 25 April 2004 (next to be held April 2010); chancellor traditionally chosen by the president from the plurality party in the National Council; vice chancellor chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor `: Heinz FISCHER elected president; percent of vote - Heinz FISCHER (SPOe) 52.4%, Benita FERRERO-WALDNER (OeVP) 47.6% note: government coalition - OeVP and FPOe ^Q bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of Federal Council or Bundesrat (62 members; members represent each of the states on the basis of population, but with each state having at least three representatives; members serve a five- or six-year term) and the National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms) `9 National Council - last held 24 November 2002 (next to be held in the fall of 2006) `: National Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 42.3%, SPOe 36.5%, FPOe 10.0%, Greens 9.5%; seats by party - OeVP 79, SPOe 69, FPOe 18, Greens 17; seating as of May 2005 after split within the Freedom Party: OeVP 79, SPOe 69, Greens 17, BZOe 11, FPOe 7 ^R Supreme Judicial Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof; Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgerichtshof ^S Alliance for the Future of Austria or BZOe [Joerg HAIDER]; Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Wolfgang SCHUESSEL]; Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Heinz Christian STRACHE]; Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Alfred GUSENBAUER]; The Greens [Alexander VAN DER BELLEN] ^T Austrian Trade Union Federation (nominally independent but primarily Socialist) or OeGB; Federal Economic Chamber; OeVP-oriented League of Austrian Industrialists or VOeI; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action; three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party or OeVP representing business, labor, and farmers and other non-government organizations in the areas of environment and human rights ^U AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC ^V `N Ambassador Eva NOWOTNY `O 3524 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008-3035 `P [1] (202) 895-6700 `Q [1] (202) 895-6750 `R Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York ^W `N Ambassador William Lee LYONS BROWN, Jr. `Z Boltzmanngasse 16, A-1090, Vienna `[ use embassy street address `P [43] (1) 31339-0, 31375, 31335 `Q [43] (1) 3100682 ^X three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red 
]% ^Y Austria, with its well-developed market economy and high standard of living, is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's. The economy features up-to-date industrial and agricultural sectors. Timber is a key industry, 47% of the land area being forested. Membership in the EU has drawn an influx of foreign investors attracted by Austria's access to the single European market and proximity to the new EU economies. Slow growth in Europe has held the economy to 0.7% growth in 2001, 1.4% in 2002, 0.8% in 2003, and 1.9% in 2004. To meet increased competition from both EU and Central European countries, particularly the new EU members, Austria will need to emphasize knowledge-based sectors of the economy, continue to deregulate the service sector, and encourage much greater participation in the labor market by its aging population. The aging phenomenon, together with already high health and pension costs, poses fundamental problems in tax and welfare policies. ^Z $255.9 billion (2004 est.) ^[ 1.9% (2004 est.) ^\ purchasing power parity - $31,300 (2004 est.) ^] `; 2.3% `< 30.8% `= 66.9% (2004 est.) ^^ 3.45 million (2004 est.) ^_ agriculture and forestry 4%, industry and crafts 29%, services 67% (2001 est.) ^` 4.4% (2004 est.) ^a 3.9% (1999) _! `> 2.5% `? 22.5% (1995) _d 31 (1995) _" 1.8% (2004 est.) _P 22.6% of GDP (2004 est.) _# `@ $142.5 billion `A $146.4 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.) _Q 64.2% of GDP (2004 est.) _$ grains, potatoes, sugar beets, wine, fruit; dairy products, cattle, pigs, poultry; lumber _% construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism _& 3.3% (2004 est.) _' 58.49 billion kWh (2002) _( 55.09 billion kWh (2002) _) 14.7 billion kWh (2002) _* 15.4 billion kWh (2002) _+ 20,670 bbl/day (2001 est.) _, 262,400 bbl/day (2001 est.) _- 35,470 bbl/day (2001) _. 262,000 bbl/day (2001) _R 85.69 million bbl (1 January 2002) _S 1.731 billion cu m (2001 est.) _T 7.81 billion cu m (2001 est.) _U 403 million cu m (2001 est.) _V 6.033 billion cu m (2001 est.) _W 24.9 billion cu m (1 January 2002) _X $-3.283 billion (2004 est.) _/ $102.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) _0 machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, paper and paperboard, metal goods, chemicals, iron and steel; textiles, foodstuffs _1 Germany 32%, Italy 8.9%, US 6%, Switzerland 4.8%, France 4.2%, UK 4.2% (2004) _2 $101.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) _3 machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products; foodstuffs _4 Germany 46.3%, Italy 6.8%, Switzerland 4.3% (2004) _Y $12.73 billion (2003) _5 $15.5 billion (2003 est.) _Z ODA, $520 million (2002) _7 euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by the financial institutions of member countries; as of 1 January 2002, the euro became the only legal tender in EMU member countries, including Austria _8 euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000) _9 calendar year 
]& _: 3.881 million (2003) _; 7,094,500 (2003) _< `B highly developed and efficient `C there are 48 main lines for every 100 persons; the fiber optic net is very extensive; all telephone applications and Internet services are available `D country code - 43; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Eutelsat; in addition, there are about 600 VSAT (very small aperture terminals) (2002) _= AM 2, FM 65 (plus several hundred repeaters), shortwave 1 (2001) _> 10 (plus more than 1,000 repeaters) (2001) _? .at _@ 387,006 (2004) _A 3.73 million (2003) 
]' _e `! 6,021 km (3,552 km electrified) `b 5,565 km 1.435-m gauge (3,430 km electrified) `c 34 km 1.000-m gauge (28 km electrified); 422 km 0.760-m gauge (94 km electrified) (2004) _B `! 200,000 km `E 200,000 km (including 1,645 km of expressways) `F 0 km (2002) _b 358 km (2003) _[ gas 2,722 km; oil 663 km; refined products 149 km (2004) _C Enns, Krems, Linz, Vienna _K `! 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 29,624 GRT/37,425 DWT by type: cargo 6, container 2 `S 2 (Netherlands 2) `\ 19 (2005) _D 55 (2004 est.) _E `! 24 `] 1 `G 5 `^ 1 `_ 3 `T 14 (2004 est.) _L `! 31 `^ 1 `_ 3 `T 27 (2004 est.) _\ 1 (2004 est.) 
]( _F Land Forces (KdoLdSK), Air Forces (KdoLuSK) _M 18 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age for voluntary service; from 2007, at the earliest, compulsory military service obligation will be reduced from 8 months to 6 (June 2004) _] males age 18-49: 1,914,800 (2005 est.) Manpower fit for military service: males age 18-49: 1,550,441 (2005 est.) _^ `` 48,967 (2005 est.) _N $1.497 billion (FY01/02) _O 0.9% (2004) 
]) _H none _I transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Western Europe 