]! ^! Settled as early as 1000 B.C., Samoa was "discovered" by European explorers in the 18th century. International rivalries in the latter half of the 19th century were settled by an 1899 treaty in which Germany and the US divided the Samoan archipelago. The US formally occupied its portion - a smaller group of eastern islands with the excellent harbor of Pago Pago - the following year. 
]" ^" Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and New Zealand ^# 14 20 S, 170 00 W ^$ Oceania ^% `! 199 sq km `" 199 sq km `# 0 sq km note: includes Rose Island and Swains Island ^& slightly larger than Washington, DC ^' 0 km ^( 116 km ^) `$ 12 nm `I 200 nm ^* tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season from November to April, dry season from May to October; little seasonal temperature variation ^+ five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Island, Swains Island) ^, `% Pacific Ocean 0 m `& Lata 966 m ^- pumice, pumicite ^. `' 10% `( 15% `) 75% (2001) ^/ NA sq km ^0 typhoons common from December to March ^1 limited natural fresh water resources; the water division of the government has spent substantial funds in the past few years to improve water catchments and pipelines ^2 Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds; strategic location in the South Pacific Ocean 
]# ^3 57,881 (July 2005 est.) ^4 `* 35.7% (male 10,705/female 9,956) `+ 61.3% (male 18,351/female 17,125) `, 3% (male 664/female 1,080) (2005 est.) ^5 `! 22.76 years `- 22.5 years `. 23.05 years (2005 est.) ^6 -0.11% (2005 est.) ^7 23.13 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^8 3.33 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^9 -20.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^: `/ 1.06 male(s)/female `0 1.08 male(s)/female `+ 1.07 male(s)/female `, 0.62 male(s)/female `1 1.06 male(s)/female (2005 est.) ^; `! 9.27 deaths/1,000 live births `- 9.85 deaths/1,000 live births `. 8.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) ^< `1 75.84 years `- 72.27 years `. 79.62 years (2005 est.) ^= 3.25 children born/woman (2005 est.) ^> NA ^? NA ^@ NA ^A `2 American Samoan(s) `3 American Samoan ^B native Pacific islander 92.9%, Asian 2.9%, white 1.2%, mixed 2.8%, other 0.2% (2000 census) ^C Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant and other 30% ^D Samoan 90.6% (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English 2.9%, Tongan 2.4%, other Pacific islander 2.1%, other 2% note: most people are bilingual (2000 census) ^E `M age 15 and over can read and write `1 97% `- 98% `. 97% (1980 est.) 
]$ ^F `4 Territory of American Samoa `5 American Samoa `Y AS ^G unincorporated and unorganized territory of the US; administered by the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior ^H NA ^I Pago Pago ^J none (territory of the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are three districts and two islands* at the second order; Eastern, Manu'a, Rose Island*, Swains Island*, Western ^K none (territory of the US) ^L Flag Day, 17 April (1900) ^M ratified 2 June 1966, effective 1 July 1967 ^N NA ^O 18 years of age; universal ^P `6 President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001) and Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001) `7 Governor Togiola TULAFONO (since 7 April 2003) `8 cabinet made up of 12 department directors `9 US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 2 and 16 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008) `: Togiola TULAFONO elected governor; percent of vote - Togiola TULAFONO 55.7%, Afoa Moega LUTU 44.3% ^Q bicameral Fono or Legislative Assembly consists of the House of Representatives (21 seats - 20 of which are elected by popular vote and 1 is an appointed, nonvoting delegate from Swains Island; members serve two-year terms) and the Senate (18 seats; members are elected from local chiefs and serve four-year terms) `9 House of Representatives - last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2006); Senate - last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008) `: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - independents 18 note: American Samoa elects one nonvoting representative to the US House of Representatives; election last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2006); results - Eni F. H. FALEOMAVAEGA (Democrat) reelected as delegate ^R High Court (chief justice and associate justices are appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior) ^S Democratic Party [Oreta M. TOGAFAU]; Republican Party [Tautai A. F. FAALEVAO] ^T NA ^U Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UPU ^V none (territory of the US) ^W none (territory of the US) ^X blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the outer side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a staff and a war club 
]% ^Y This is a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned. Economic activity is strongly linked to the US, with which American Samoa conducts most of its foreign trade. Tuna fishing and tuna processing plants are the backbone of the private sector, with canned tuna the primary export. Transfers from the US Government add substantially to American Samoa's economic well-being. Attempts by the government to develop a larger and broader economy are restrained by Samoa's remote location, its limited transportation, and its devastating hurricanes. Tourism is a promising developing sector. ^Z $500 million (2000 est.) ^[ NA ^\ purchasing power parity - $8,000 (2000 est.) ^] `; NA% `< NA% `= NA% ^^ 14,000 (1996) ^_ tuna canneries 34%, government 33%, other 33% (1990) ^` 6% (2000) ^a NA _! `> NA% `? NA% _" NA% _# `@ $121 million (37% in local revenue and 63% in US grants) `A $127 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY96/97) _$ bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas; dairy products, livestock _% tuna canneries (largely supplied by foreign fishing vessels), handicrafts _& NA% _' 130 million kWh (2002) _( 120.9 million kWh (2002) _) 0 kWh (2002) _* 0 kWh (2002) _+ 0 bbl/day (2001 est.) _, 3,800 bbl/day (2001 est.) _- NA _. NA _/ $30 million (2002) _0 canned tuna 93% _1 Samoa 39.8%, Australia 19.9%, Japan 15.1%, New Zealand 10.5% (2004) _2 $123 million (2002) _3 materials for canneries 56%, food 8%, petroleum products 7%, machinery and parts 6% _4 Japan 31.4%, New Zealand 27.9%, Germany 17.1%, Australia 8.9% (2004) _5 $NA _6 important financial support from the US, more than $40 million in 1994 _7 US dollar (USD) _8 the US dollar is used _9 1 October - 30 September 
]& _: 15,000 (2001) _; 2,377 (1999) _< `B NA `C good telex, telegraph, facsimile and cellular telephone services; domestic satellite system with 1 Comsat earth station `D country code - 1-684; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) _= AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2004) _> 1; note - one cable TV station (2004) _? .as _A NA 
]' _B `! 185 km `E 185 km `F 0 km (2004) _C Pago Pago _D 3 (2004 est.) _E `! 2 `G 1 `T 1 (2004 est.) _L `! 1 `T 1 (2004 est.) 
]( _G defense is the responsibility of the US 
]) _H none 