]! ^! For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique co-principality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from 1607 onward, the French chief of state and the Spanish bishop of Urgel). In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the titular heads of state retained, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy. Long isolated and impoverished, mountainous Andorra achieved considerable prosperity since World War II through its tourist industry. Many immigrants (legal and illegal) are attracted to the thriving economy with its lack of income taxes. 
]" ^" Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain ^# 42 30 N, 1 30 E ^$ Europe ^% `! 468 sq km `" 468 sq km `# 0 sq km ^& 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC ^' `! 120.3 km `U France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km ^( 0 km (landlocked) ^) none (landlocked) ^* temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers ^+ rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys ^, `% Riu Runer 840 m `& Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m ^- hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead ^. `' 2.22% `( 0% `) 97.78% (2001) ^/ NA sq km ^0 avalanches ^1 deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal _J `K Hazardous Wastes `L none of the selected agreements ^2 landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees 
]# ^3 70,549 (July 2005 est.) ^4 `* 14.8% (male 5,471/female 4,995) `+ 71.5% (male 26,463/female 23,977) `, 13.7% (male 4,780/female 4,863) (2005 est.) ^5 `! 40.34 years `- 40.63 years `. 40.02 years (2005 est.) ^6 0.95% (2005 est.) ^7 9 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^8 6.07 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^9 6.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) ^: `/ 1.07 male(s)/female `0 1.1 male(s)/female `+ 1.1 male(s)/female `, 0.98 male(s)/female `1 1.08 male(s)/female (2005 est.) ^; `! 4.05 deaths/1,000 live births `- 4.38 deaths/1,000 live births `. 3.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) ^< `1 83.51 years `- 80.6 years `. 86.6 years (2005 est.) ^= 1.29 children born/woman (2005 est.) ^> NA% ^? NA ^@ NA ^A `2 Andorran(s) `3 Andorran ^B Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998) ^C Roman Catholic (predominant) ^D Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese ^E `M NA `1 100% `- NA% `. NA% 
]$ ^F `4 Principality of Andorra `5 Andorra `V Principat d'Andorra `W Andorra ^H parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as its chiefs of state a coprincipality; the two princes are the president of France and bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain, who are represented locally by coprinces' representatives ^I Andorra la Vella ^J 7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Escaldes-Engordany, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria ^K 1278 (was formed under the joint suzerainty of the French count of Foix and the Spanish bishop of Urgel) ^L Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278) ^M Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 4 May 1993 ^N based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction ^O 18 years of age; universal ^P `6 French Coprince Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by Philippe MASSONI (since 26 July 2002); Spanish Coprince Bishop Joan Enric VIVES i SICILIA (since 12 May 2003), represented by Nemesi MARQUES i OSTE (since NA) `7 Executive Council President Albert PINTAT SANTOLARIA (since 27 May 2005) `8 Executive Council or Govern designated by the Executive Council president `9 Executive Council president elected by the General Council and formally appointed by the coprinces for a four-year term; election last held 4 March 2001 (next to be held April-May 2005) `: Marc FORNE MOLNE elected executive council president; percent of General Council vote - NA% ^Q unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de las Valls (28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, 14 from a single national constituency and 14 to represent each of the 7 parishes; members serve four-year terms) `9 last held 24 April 2005 (next to be held March-April 2009) `: percent of vote by party - PLA 41.2%, PS 38.1%, CDA 11%, other 9.7%; seats by party - PLA 14, PS 12, CDA 2 ^R Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional ^S Andorran Democratic Center Party or CDA (formerly Democratic Party or PD) [leader NA]; Liberal Party of Andorra or PLA (formerly Liberal Union or UL) [Albert PINTAT]; Social Democratic Party or PS (formerly part of National Democratic Group or AND) [Mariona GONZALEZ REOLIT] ^T NA ^U CE, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNESCO, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTO (observer) ^V `N Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jelena V. PIA-COMELLA `O 2 United Nations Plaza, 25th Floor, New York, NY 10017 `P [1] (212) 750-8064 `Q [1] (212) 750-6630 ^W the US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US Ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra; US interests in Andorra are represented by the Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain); mailing address: Paseo Reina Elisenda, 23, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; telephone: [34] (93) 280-2227; FAX: [34] (93) 280-6175 ^X three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem 
]% ^Y Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy, accounts for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 9 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. Andorra's comparative advantage has recently eroded as the economies of neighboring France and Spain have been opened up, providing broader availability of goods and lower tariffs. The banking sector, with its "tax haven" status, also contributes substantially to the economy. Agricultural production is limited - only 2% of the land is arable - and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing output consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products. ^Z $1.9 billion (2003 est.) ^[ 2% (2003 est.) ^\ purchasing power parity - $26,800 (2003 est.) ^] `; NA% `< NA% `= NA% ^^ 33,000 (2001 est.) ^_ agriculture 1%, industry 21%, services 78% (2000 est.) ^` 0% (1996 est.) ^a NA% _! `> NA% `? NA% _" 4.3% (2000) _# `@ $385 million `A $342 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1997) _$ small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables; sheep _% tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber, banking _& NA% _' NA kWh _( NA kWh _) 0 kWh (2002) _* NA kWh; note - most electricity supplied by Spain and France; Andorra generates a small amount of hydropower _/ $58 million f.o.b. (1998) _0 tobacco products, furniture _1 Spain 58%, France 34% (2000) _2 $1.077 billion (1998) _3 consumer goods, food, electricity _4 Spain 48%, France 35%, US 2.3% (2000) _5 $NA _6 none _7 euro (EUR) _8 euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000) _9 calendar year 
]& _: 35,000 (2001) _; 23,500 (2001) _< `B NA `C modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges `D country code - 376; landline circuits to France and Spain _= AM 0, FM 15, shortwave 0 (1998) _> 0 (1997) _? .ad _@ 4,144 (2004) _A 24,500 (2001) 
]' _B `! 269 km `E 198 km `F 71 km _K `\ 1 _D none (2004 est.) 
]( _F no regular military forces, Police Service of Andorra _G defense is the responsibility of France and Spain 
]) _H none 